Past Perfect Tense – Past Perfect Progressive (continous)
Past Perfect
Subject + had + [verb in past participle]
The past perfect is used to indicate :
• An action that happened before another action in the past; there usually are two actions in the sentence.
John had gone to the store before he went home
Had gone = 1st action went = 2nd action

Subject + had + V3 + before + subject + V2
John told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1970
Had visited = 1st action told = 2nd action

Subject + had + V3 + before + subject + V2
John went home after he had gone to the store
Subject + V2 + after + subject + had + V3
Before John went home, he had gone to the store
Before + Subject + V2 + subject + had + V3
After John had gone to the store, he went home
After + Subject + had + V3 + subject + V2
• A state which continued for a time in the past, but stopped before now.

Past Perfect Progressive
The past perfect progressive for category 2 of past perfect only, we can use the past perfect continous.
Subject + had + been + [verb + ing]
Exercises :

1. The policeman read the suspect his rights after he (arrest) him.
Answer : had arrested
2. After John (wash) his clothes, he began study.
Answer : had washed
3. George (wait) for one hour before the bus came.
Answer : has waited
4. Maria (enter) the university after she had graduated from the community college.
Answer : entered
5. Jeanette (wash) the pipettes after she had completed the experiment.
Answer : washed
6. Jane sent a letter to her university after she (receive) her scholarship check.
Answer : has received
7. After the stewardesses had served lunch to the passengers, they (sit) down.
Answer : sat
8. The car (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof.
Answer : had flipped
9. We corrected our papers after we (take) the quiz.
Answer : had taken
10. John (live) in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit.
Answer : had lived

Simple Past Tense and Past Progressive
Simple past digunakan untuk kejadian yang sedang terjadi tapi pada saat yang lalu/ pada waktu yang lampau.
Past progressive digunakan untuk menyatakan 2 kejadian yang telah lampau yang terjadi secara bersamaan. Past progressive juga digunakan untuk 2 kejadian yang telah lampau dengan kejadian kedua terjadi setelah kejadian pertama sudah dilakukan.

1. Gene was eating (eat) dinner when his friend called.
2. While Maria was cleaning the apartement, her husband was sleeping (sleep).
3. At three o'clock this morning, Eleanor was studying (study).
4. When Mark arrived, the Johnsons were having (have) dinner, but they stopped in order to talk to him.
5. John went (go) to France last year.
6. When the teacher entered (enter) the room, the students were talking.
7. While Joan was writing the report, Henry was looking (look) for more information.
8. We saw (see) this movie last night.
9. At one time, Mr.Roberts was own this building.
10. Jose was writing (write) a letter to his family when his pencil broke (break).

Simple Present and present progressive
# Something smells (smell) very good.
# We are eating (eat) dinner at seven o'clock tonight.
# He practices (practice) the piano everyday.
# They are driving (drive) to school tomorrow.
# I believes (believe) you.
# Maria has (have) a cold.
# Jorge is swimming (swim) right now.
# John hates (hate) smoke.
# Jill always gets (get) up at 6.00 am.
# Jerry is mowing (mow) the lawn now.

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